Longitudinal monitoring of ehrlichia ruminantium infection. Ehrlichia ruminantium, which is transmitted by amblyomma ticks, is obligately intracellular, infects cattle, sheep, goats and some wild ruminants, and is frequently fatal. Heartwater cowdriosis is a tickborne disease of cattle, sheep, goats and some wild ruminants which is caused by a rickettsia, previously known as cowdria ruminantium but recently reclassified as ehrlichia ruminantium. Request pdf heartwater ehrlichia ruminantium infection heartwater is a notifiable disease that is listed by the world organisation for animal health. Other names i kurlovia ruminantium cowdry 1925 zhdanov 1953 nicollea ruminantium cowdry 1925 macchiavello 1947 rickettsia ruminantium cowdry 1925 cowdria ruminantium cowdry 1925 moshkovski 1947 ehrlichia ruminantium cowdry 1925. Molecular evidence led to reclassification of several organisms in the order rickettsiales, and it is now classified as ehrlichia ruminantium. Pdf detection of ehrlichia ruminantium infection in cattle in. Its main vectors are amblyomma hebraeum ticks in southern africa and a. Several different genotypes can several different genotypes can coexist in a geographical area, and may recombine to form new strains. We conducted a study to determine if this agent was recently introduced into the united states. Ehrlichia ruminantium infects rhipicephalus microplus in west. Amblyomma is the most common genus seen on tortoises and are known vectors for ehrlichia ruminantium, the agent causing heartwater in ruminants.
Heartwater results from infection by the bacterium ehrlichia formerly cowdria ruminantium, a small, gram negative, pleomorphic coccus in the family anaplasmataceae and order rickettsiales. Ehrlichia ruminantium, the causative agent of heartwater, is transmitted by amblyomma spp. Populationbased evaluation of the ehrlichia ruminantium map. Thus in this study, we monitored the onset age at first infection and kinetics of e. These threehost ticks become infected during either the larval or nymphal. Ehrlichia ruminantium infection heartwater is a major constraint that impacts negatively on the cattle industry development in subsaharan africa and so far, little is known of the presence of heartwater in cattle in cameroon. Tickborne diseases tbds cause significant losses among livestock and impact the livelihoods of resourcepoor farming communities worldwide. The disease is widespread in most of subsaharan africa and on several islands in the caribbean, where it is. In this study, we evaluated its reliability in detecting exposure to e. Whether the presence of ehrlichia played a role in the outcome of the disease remains to be investigated. In ethiopia, detailed studies on the epidemiology of tickborne pathogens tbps in cattle using sensitive molecular detection methods are scarce. Pdf diagnosis of ehrlichia ruminantium in ruminants in. Ehrlichia ruminantium is the causal agent of heartwater, a ruminant tropical. Heartwater is characterized by fever, neurological signs, hydropericardium, hydrothorax, ascites, edema of the lungs, and high mortality rates 3.
Nov, 2017 ehrlichia ruminantium is an obligate intracellular bacterium that causes heartwater, an infectious, virulent, transmissible but noncontagious disease of ruminants. Ehrlichia ruminantium is an obligately intracellular proteobacterium which causes a disease known as heartwater or cowdriosis in some wild, and all domestic, ruminants. Goodrich, in rebhuns diseases of dairy cattle third edition, 2018. The following format can be used to cite this factsheet. Jun 14, 2018 ehrlichia ruminantium infection heartwater is a major constraint that impacts negatively on the cattle industry development in subsaharan africa and so far, little is known of the presence of heartwater in cattle in cameroon. A novel ehrlichia, closely related to ehrlichia ruminantium, was recently discovered from panola mountain state park, ga, usa. Pdf ehrlichia ruminantium infects rhipicephalus microplus. Ehrlichia ruminantium in the family anaplasmataceae 5. We used a nested pcs20 pcr and map1b elisa in a longitudinal study to.
The organism is transmitted by ticks of the genus amblyomma, and it is of serious economic importance wherever the natural vectors occur, an area which includes all of. Ehrlichia ruminantium is an obligate intracellular bacterium that causes heartwater, an infectious, virulent, transmissible but noncontagious disease of ruminants. Multilocus sequence typing of ehrlichia ruminantium strains from geographically diverse origins and collected in amblyomma variegatum from uganda ryo nakao1, joseph w magona1,2, lijia zhou1, frans jongejan3,4 and chihiro sugimoto1 abstract background. Ehrlichia ruminantium is a pleomorphic rickettsia, and colonies containing from one or two to several thousand individual organisms are found in the cytoplasm of endothelial cells. Detection of ehrlichia ruminantium infection in cattle in cameroon. The causative organism is an obligate intracellular parasite, previously known as cowdria ruminantium. It can also infect some wild ungulates, with or without clinical signs. Populationbased evaluation of the ehrlichia ruminantium. The invasion of west africa by rhipicephalus microplus during the past decade has changed the ecological situation of the agent of heartwater ehrlichia ruminantium in this area. Recognition of the threat of ehrlichia ruminantium.
The rickettsial bacterium ehrlichia ruminantium is the causative agent of heartwater in. Heartwater the center for food security and public health. Heartwater also known as cowdriosis, nintas, and ehrlichiosis is a tickborne rickettsial disease of domestic and wild ruminants. Abstract ehrlichia ruminantium is an obligately intracellular proteobacterium which causes a disease known as heartwater or cowdriosis in some wild, and all domestic, ruminants.
Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Development of a polyclonal competitive enzymelinked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies to ehrlichia ruminantium by keith j sumption, edith paxton and lesley bellsakyi download pdf. Ehrlichia ruminantium formerly cowdria ruminantium is a tickborne rickettsial pathogen that infects cattle, causing heartwater or cowdriosis. Generate a print friendly version containing only the sections you need. Cameron a a practical manual and software package for active surveillance of livestock diseases in developing countries. Ehrlichia ruminantium an overview sciencedirect topics. List of bacteria and similar organisms presenting at the wild. A comprehensive account of the history and biology of e. Pdf the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of ehrlichia ruminantium causative agent of heartwater disease in ruminants. Of the reported cases, 2% to 3% have resulted in death. Before, its local vector, amblyomma variegatum, was the most abundant tick species found on livestock.
Ehrlichia ruminantium formerly cowdria ruminantium is an obligately intracellular tickborne parasite that causes a cowdriosis, an acute and fatal infection of sheep, goats, and cattle. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Multilocus sequence typing of ehrlichia ruminantium strains. Heartwater is distributed in nearly all countries of subsaharan africa and has also extended into some islands of the caribbean, from where. Zoonosis update american veterinary medical association. Ehrlichia ruminantium and panola mountain ehrlichia e. Africa and is coinfected with ehrlichia ruminantium and rickettsia africae citation for published version. A total of 170 blood samples spotted on filter paper were. Ehrlichia ruminantium heartwater to domestic and wild ruminants, and theileria mutans benign bovine theilerioses to cattle and rickettsia africana, the cause of african tickbite fever in humans. Heartwater ehrlichia ruminantium infection request pdf. It is caused by ehrlichia ruminantium formerly cowdria ruminantium an intracellular gramnegative coccal bacterium also referred to as rickettsia ruminantium.
Ehrlichia ruminantium infection heartwater is a major constraint that impacts negatively on the cattle industry development in subsaharan. Molecular detection of tickborne pathogens in cattle from. Ehrlichia ruminantium infection heartwater is a major constraint that impacts negatively on the cattle industry development in. Ixodidae 3 life cycle and biology the tropical bont tick is a threehost tick, where each life stage larva, nymph, and adult completes a blood meal on a particular host before dropping off and molting barre et al. Ehrlichia ruminantium, an obligatory intracellular rickettsia, is the causative agent of heartwater, a tickborne disease that circulates throughout subsaharan africa, the caribbean and indian ocean islands. This organism is an obligate intracellular parasite. Heartwater cowdriosis is a tickborne disease of cattle, sheep, goats and some wild ruminants that is caused by a rickettsia, ehrlichia ruminantium, previously known as cowdria ruminantium. Heartwater imposes a high economic cost to livestock industries since it induces high mortality up to 80 % in susceptible animals, especially goats and sheep. Heartwater results from infection by the bacterium ehrlichia formerly cowdria ruminantium. Information and translations of ehrlichia ruminantium in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web.
Assessment of change in risk for release of ehrlichia ruminantium. Ehrlichia ruminantium infects rhipicephalus microplus in. Ehrlichia ruminantium heartwater into the continental united. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of ehrlichia ruminantium causative agent of heartwater disease in ruminants in al gezirah state central sudan using pcr technique. General information infectious agent of the world wide spread canine monocytotr ophic erllichiosis cme is the. Typically, the disease is characterized by high fever, nervous signs, hydropericardium, hydrothorax and oedema. This study sought to investigate the prevalence of e. In domestic ruminants and susceptible wildlife species, heartwater ranges from subclinical infection carrier state to a peracute, fatal disease. It is caused by ehrlichia ruminantium, an obligately intracellular gramnegative bacterium in the order rickettsiales and the family anaplasmataceae. List of bacteria and similar organisms presenting at the. Summary heartwater is a notifiable disease that is listed by the world organisation for animal health. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and species composition of bovine tbps of.
Efficient highthroughput molecular method to detect. Definition of ehrlichia ruminantium in the dictionary. Ehrlichia ruminantium is an obligate intracellular bacterium that causes heartwater, a fatal tickborne disease of livestock, with high economical impact in subsaharan africa and some islands in the indian ocean and the caribbean. Heartwater infection cowdriosis in a sitatunga tragelaphus spekei in nigeria. Ehrlichia ruminantium is the causal agent of heartwater, a fatal disease in wild and domestic ruminants allsopp, 2010. Rifampin is active against ehrlichia in vitro and may represent a safe e. Experimental and applied acarology heartwater or cowdriosis is a tickborne disease affecting domestic ruminants throughout subsaharan africa one goat showed no symptoms. My research focus is on how the obligate tickborne intracellular pathogen ehrlichia ruminantium anaplasmataceae family manipulates cellular function in order to multiply inside host cells and cause infectious disease heartwater disease caused by e. Ehrlichiosis information nc state veterinary medicine. The indirect map 1b elisa based on the recombinant map 1b fragment of the immunodominant map 1 protein of ehrlichia ruminantium is considered to be the most sensitive and specific assay for the serodiagnosis of heartwater. Reporting of the following diseases to the state veterinarian must occur within 2 business days.
Heartwater is a noncontagious, tickborne disease caused by ehrlichia ruminantium, an intracellular parasite in the order rickettsiales. Ehrlichia ruminantium is the causative agent responsible for an important ruminant disease heartwater throughout subsaharan africa and parts of the caribbean 1, 2. Longitudinal monitoring of ehrlichia ruminantium infection in. Amblyomma variegatum ticks, which are found in the caribbean and subsaharan africa, except in certain areas of southern africa, are major vectors of e. Ehrlichia ruminantium infections were assessed with the specific. Ehrlichia 2 ehrlichia canis 2 2 ehrlichia chaffeensis 2 2 ehrlichia ewingii 2 ehrlichia muris 3 ehrlichia ruminantium arachnida. Ehrlichia ruminantium and panola mountain ehrlichia minantium, the causative agent of heartwater is primarily a disease of ruminants cattle, sheep and goats causing great economic impact in south africa and the caribbean transmitted by a variety of amblyomma spp ticks in all their developmental stages. Amblyomma hebraeum is the predominant tick species on goats. Ehrlichia ruminantium is a small, round organism 0. Detection of ehrlichia ruminantium infection in cattle in.
Pdf diagnosis of ehrlichia ruminantium in ruminants in central. It is unable to survive outside of its host for more than a few hours and can only be. Under natural conditions, e ruminantium is transmitted by amblyomma ticks. Molecular analysis based on small subunit ribosomal rna and pcs20 gene sequences indicated that e. Development of a polyclonal competitive enzymelinked. The rickettsial bacterium ehrlichia ruminantium is the causative agent of heartwater in ruminants, a potential zoonotic disease 1,2 transmitted by ticks of the genus amblyomma that causes considerable livestock losses in endemic countries. Multilocus sequence typing of ehrlichia ruminantium. Ehrlichia ruminantium infects rhipicephalus microplus in west africa. Amblyomma hebraeum is the predominant tick species on. International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology 51.
709 548 867 396 1342 1393 275 1409 541 593 1561 445 1535 297 513 628 275 8 1223 1381 1037 1259 1349 424 790 887 572 806 547 1198 1322 1276 440 917